The ideologies of Islam and communism prioritize loyalties to a transnational community over national ones. It highlights examples from history where individuals adhered to these ideologies at the expense of their national allegiances.
1. Common Goals of Communism and Islam: Both ideologies share aims, including violent uprisings and the establishment of elite rule. These shared goals are termed the "Red-Green Axis".
2. Transnational Loyalty: Adherents of Islam and communism often demonstrate a willingness to prioritize their ideological commitments over their national identities. This has led to significant historical actions based on this transnational loyalty.
3. Historical Examples:
Islam's Ummah: The Islamic concept of ummah emphasizes a global Muslim community, where obligations extend beyond geographic borders. A notable instance occurred in 1914 when the Ottoman Sultan urged Muslims worldwide to engage in jihad, leading to attacks even in far-off places like Australia.
Marxist-Leninist Comintern: Similarly, the Communist International (Comintern) bound national parties under its discipline, demanding loyalty that occasionally resulted in desertion from national armies, exemplified by Maurice Thorez, who fled France to follow Comintern directives during World War II.
4. Violent Actions Driven by Ideological Loyalty:
The impact of the Ottoman jihad declaration was observed in the Broken Hill affair, where local Muslims committed violence motivated by the Sultan's call to arms.
Communists also abandoned national duties when they aligned with internationalist goals, as seen with Thorez's desertion.
5. Contemporary Instances: The discussion extends to modern actions by groups like the Islamic State, where fighters left their home countries to join a transnational Islamic authority. Similarly, Hezbollah executed attacks in countries with no direct conflict ties, motivated by sectarian loyalty rather than national interests.
6. Mechanisms of Loyalty:
The article argues that both Islam and communism have established systems that ensure adherence to their doctrines supersedes national citizenship.
Events like the Entebbe hijacking and the espionage activities of the Cambridge Five highlight how individuals acted on behalf of internationalist causes instead of their national obligations.
7. Contradictory Civic Duties: While classical interpretations of Islam and communism emphasize obedience to local laws, these principles can be overridden in extraordinary times. A call to loyalty from a transnational authority may disrupt the default political allegiance.
8. Long-Term Implications: The ideologies' ability to command loyalty at significant personal costs showcases the effectiveness of their transnational structures in influencing individual actions, indicating their lasting impact.
The article underscores the significant historical and contemporary examples where loyalty to ideological frameworks has overridden national identities among their followers. It suggests that both Islamic and communist doctrines have effectively fostered a transnational community that prioritizes ideological commitment, with real-world implications that demonstrate the power of these beliefs over national allegiances.
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