Why are developing economies pursuing small modular reactors?

The global discussion on electricity is at a crucial point. While developed countries focus on renewable energy profits, many people worldwide still lack basic electricity access. For the millions living in poverty, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, discussions must prioritize practical solutions over ideology.

1. Current Electricity Inequity:

• Over 565 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa live without electricity.

• Half of the global population lives on less than $10 daily, emphasizing the necessity for pragmatic electricity solutions.

2. International Collaborations:

• The US has formed a partnership with Saudi Arabia that includes plans for civilian nuclear energy.

• South Africa plans to reactivate its Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) to contribute to stable electricity generation.

3. Importance of Dispatchable Electricity:

• All nations, developed or not, require dispatchable electricity to enhance economic growth and living standards.

• Reliable electricity is critical for businesses and public services and should meet demand 24/7.

4. Examining Alternative Energy Sources:

• South Africa’s electricity sources include wind, solar, coal, gas, and nuclear power.

• Renewable sources like wind and solar are inconsistent, while fossil fuels provide necessary materials for essential industries.

5. Dependency on Fossil Fuels:

• Fossil fuels are not just energy sources; they are vital for producing various essential products like plastics and pharmaceuticals.

• Wealthier nations experiment with renewables, but developing countries need reliable power for industrial growth.

6. Benefits of Nuclear Power:

• Nuclear power is proven to be safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly.

• It is reliable, with a capacity factor exceeding 90%, making it a significant option for continuous power supply.

7. Economic Impact of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs):

• A recent study predicts that SMRs could add R74 billion (around $4.3 billion USD) annually to South Africa's GDP and create hundreds of thousands of jobs.

• SMRs could also lead to skills development, trade balance improvements, and significant tax revenue for long-term economic benefits.

8. Advantages of SMRs:

• SMRs require less capital and can be deployed incrementally, making them suitable for developing nations.

• Their smaller size allows for placement closer to demand, reducing transmission costs and increasing safety with advanced designs.

9. Historical Success of Infrastructure Projects:

• Historical developments in South Africa, like the Sasol technologies, demonstrate that practical technology can transform economies and create sustainable industries.

10. Local Industry Development:

• An SMR program would build a domestic nuclear industry, creating jobs and nurturing manufacturing capabilities, reducing reliance on imports.

• Countries with uranium reserves could expand their economies by producing nuclear fuel.

For the millions in electricity poverty, especially the 565 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, the choice is evident: developing nations must prioritize reliable electricity sources, like SMRs, to foster industrial growth and economic stability. Continued reliance on intermittent renewable energy risks perpetuating economic stagnation. The challenge lies not in whether to utilize nuclear technology, but in whether developed nations will support this essential move. Electricity policy should focus on benefiting people, meeting basic needs, and enabling future prosperity through reliable energy solutions. 

https://www.americaoutloud.news/why-are-developing-economies-pursuing-small-modular-reactors/