June 21 Legal Opinion by the Office of Legal Counsel (OLC)
- OLC issued an opinion on "eluding inspection" under section 275(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).
- This allows prosecution wherever illegal aliens are found, potentially causing self-deportation and undermining local sanctuary policies.
- Claims that illegal aliens aren't criminals are challenged by this interpretation.
Section 275 of the INA
- Makes it a crime for an alien to enter the U. S. illegally.
- Penalties include fines or imprisonment up to 6 months for first offenses and up to 2 years for subsequent offenses.
- Most prosecutions occur at the local level; it's commonly charged under section 275(a).
Details on Criminal Charges
- Every illegal entry can lead to potential charges under section 275(a)(1) and (2).
- Paragraph (1) charges are more straightforward; paragraph (2) raises questions about completeness of the offense once an alien eludes inspection.
Section 279 of the INA
- Defines jurisdiction for civil and criminal cases under INA.
- Prosecutions can occur anywhere in the U. S. where a violation may happen or where the person is apprehended.
U. S. v. Wissel Case
- A 1978 case previously stated that offenses under section 275(a)(2) were complete upon illegal crossing.
- This restricted prosecutions to locations where crossings occurred.
New OLC Opinion
- The 1978 opinion lacked independent examination of section 275(a)(2) as a continuing offense.
- The new opinion reversed the previous stance, allowing for prosecution beyond border areas.
- It acknowledges the ongoing duty for aliens to submit to inspection.
Judicial Warrants and Sanctuary Jurisdiction
- Sanctuary jurisdictions claim to comply with ICE but often impose burdensome requirements.
- ICE can obtain judicial warrants for criminal offenses like "eluding examination. ”
- Local ICE offices can now seek warrants from their area federal judges.
- This could change how local police respond to ICE requests.
Impact on Immigration Enforcement
- The opinion implies that illegal entry remains a criminal act until aliens are caught or self-deport.
- Increased prosecutions for section 275(a)(2) offenses expected across the U. S.
- Sanctuary jurisdictions may have to comply with judicial warrants, giving ICE more enforcement power.
- The potential for imprisonment may encourage illegal aliens to self-deport.
https://cis.org/Arthur/DOJ-Concludes-Illegal-Entrants-Can-Be-Prosecuted-Anywhere-US
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