Visualizing The EV Mineral Shortage

 Mineral Constraints

Did you know that EVs need up to six times more minerals than conventional cars?

• Copper: Reserves are at their peak and ore quality is declining
• Nickel: Concerns related to higher CO2 emissions and waste disposal
• Cobalt: 90% of cobalt produced is a by-product of nickel and copper, making new supply subject to the development of mines
• Lithium: 50% of lithium mines are located in areas that suffer water shortages
• Rare Earth Elements: Environmental concerns surrounding negative environmental credentials in processing operations
• Lithium: Concentrated in China for 60% of production

The EV Supply Chain

• Resources for EV batteries are concentrated in very few countries
• China is home to more than half of the world's lithium, cobalt, and graphite processing and refining capacity, as well as three-quarters of all lithium-ion battery production capacity
• Europe accounts for about one-quarter of worldwide EV production, but home to very little of the supply chain
• Korea and Japan control a sizable portion of the downstream supply chain

Suggested Solutions

• KGP Auto’s new report recommends that material supply is accessed and matched to a broader fuel energy mix.
• In this scenario, platinum group metals (PGMs) continue to play a leading role in the auto industry by assisting in building cleaner emission vehicles.

https://www.zerohedge.com/technology/visualizing-ev-mineral-shortage